Melanoma: the most serious type of skin cancer

Melanoma

Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer. It arises from pigment-producing cells (melanocytes) in the skin . 

While melanoma is less common than other types of skin cancer, it's the most dangerous because it can spread to other parts of the body.

The exact cause of melanoma is unknown, but ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun and tanning beds is a major risk factor. 

People with fair skin, a history of sunburn, or many moles are also at higher risk.

Melanoma can usually be cured if it's caught early. That's why it's important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of melanoma and to see a doctor if you notice any changes in your skin.

Signs and symptoms of melanoma

The most common sign of melanoma is a new mole or a change in an existing mole. 

The ABCDE rule can help you remember the warning signs of melanoma:

Asymmetry: One half of the mole doesn't match the other half.

Border: The border of the mole is irregular, scalloped, or notched.

Color: The mole is more than one color, such as brown, black, tan, red, white, or blue.

Diameter: The mole is larger than the size of a pencil eraser (about 6 millimeters).

Evolving: The mole has changed in size, shape, or color over time.

Other signs and symptoms of melanoma may include:

A mole that bleeds or oozes

A mole that becomes itchy, tender, or painful

A dark patch of skin that grows larger

A scaly, red, or pink bump on the skin

If you notice any of these signs or symptoms, see a doctor right away. Early diagnosis and treatment of melanoma is essential for a good outcome.

Treatment of melanoma

The most common treatment for melanoma is surgery to remove the cancer. In some cases, other treatments, such as radiation therapy or immunotherapy, may also be used.

The outlook for people with melanoma depends on how early the cancer is diagnosed and how far it has spread. 

Melanoma that is caught early can usually be cured with surgery. However, melanoma that has spread to other parts of the body is more difficult to treat.

Prevention of melanoma

The best way to prevent melanoma is to avoid excessive exposure to UV radiation. Here are some tips:

Limit your time in the sun, especially during the middle of the day when the sun's rays are strongest.

Wear sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher every day, even on cloudy days.

Wear protective clothing, such as a hat and sunglasses, when you are in the sun.

Avoid tanning beds.

If you have a lot of moles, see a doctor for a regular skin exam. Early detection and treatment of melanoma is the best way to beat this cancer.

Free apps for cancer patients.

There are many great options available! Here are some categories of helpful apps and examples to get you started...